{"data":{"id":"673dc868-7322-4ca2-bf3e-50770598bc52","locale":"vi","available_locales":["vi"],"title":"Truy\u1ec1n D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u L\u00e0 G\u00ec? C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u?","slug":"truyen-du-lieu-la-gi-cac-loai-truyen-du-lieu","content":"

Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/i><\/a> l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/i> V\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u? Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Minh T\u00fa Telecom t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\"Truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh qua b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong b\u00e0n ph\u00edm th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 7 ho\u1eb7c 8 bit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 7 bit c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 128 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, trong khi 8 bit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 256 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y thu gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 m\u1ecdi m\u1eabu nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o k\u00fd t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 EBCDIC (Extended Binary Code Decimal Interchange Code) (l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u1edbi 8 bit) v\u00e0 M\u00e3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin (ASCII). C\u1ea3 hai l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng bit gi\u1eefa hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee5c, c\u00e1p quang…).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Truy\u1ec1n song song<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb con kh\u00e1c nhau qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb con b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 mang t\u1eebng bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n song song. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 nh\u1ecf khi chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2022 Trong truy\u1ec1n song song, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2022 \u0110\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n n bit, n d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i bit c\u00f3 d\u00e2y ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2022 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bit c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i xung nh\u1ecbp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u bit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i xung nh\u1ecbp.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2022 Truy\u1ec1n song song \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u2022 Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh, t\u00e1m d\u00e2y ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u 8 bit t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

>> Xem th\u00eam:\u00a0Internet Leased line \u2013 L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n<\/a><\/p>\n

\"truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n song song<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u bit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t xung nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u01a1n.<\/span>
\n<\/span>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn song song<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n n bit c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\"truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: Khi truy\u1ec1n\u00a0<\/span>d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kilomet, v\u00ec l\u00fd do chi ph\u00ed, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t bit t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ed7i bit. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n bit n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n